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Setaria sphacelata

(Schumach.) Stapf & C.E.Hubb. (1929)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Genus: Setaria

African bristle grass, African foxtail, giant foxtail, golden millet, golden timothy, kazungula

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form:

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves:

Flowers:

Fruit:

Ploidy:

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Images

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Synonyms (55)

Chaetochloa aurea (Hochst. ex A.Braun) Hitchc. (1916)
Chaetochloa glauca var. aurea (Hochst. ex A.Braun) W.F.Wright (1905)
Panicum aureum (Hochst. ex A.Braun) Nees (1842)
Panicum chrysanthum Steud. (1841)
Panicum rudimentosum Steud. (1853)
Panicum sphacelatum Schumach. (1827)
Pennisetum aureum A.Rich. (1850)
Pennisetum rudimentosum Steud. (1853)
Setaria almaspicata De Wit (1941)
Setaria alpestris Peter (1930)
Setaria anceps Stapf (1930)
Setaria anceps var. sericea Stapf (1930)
Setaria angustifolia Stapf (1930)
Setaria aurea Hochst. ex A.Braun (1841)
Setaria aurea f. minor Pilg. (1928)
Setaria aurea subsp. kisunduensis Vanderyst (1925)
Setaria aurea var. breviseta Schweinf. (1894)
Setaria aurea var. fumigata Peter (1930)
Setaria aurea var. latifolia Peter (1930)
Setaria aurea var. longiseta Chiov. (1907)
Setaria aurea var. pallida Stapf (1899)
Setaria aurea var. palustris Vanderyst (1925)
Setaria bussei R.A.W.Herrm. (1910)
Setaria cana De Wit (1941)
Setaria chrysantha (Steud.) Heynh. (1846)
Setaria chrysochaeta T.Durand & Schinz (1894)
Setaria decipiens De Wit (1941)
Setaria flabellata Stapf (1899)
Setaria flabellata subsp. natalensis De Wit (1941)
Setaria flabelliformis De Wit (1941)
Setaria glauca var. aurea (Hochst. ex A.Braun) K.Schum. (1900)
Setaria homblei De Wild. (1920)
Setaria isalensis A.Camus (1958)
Setaria laxispica Stapf (1930)
Setaria myosuroides Peter (1930)
Setaria neglecta De Wit (1941)
Setaria perennis Hack. (1895)
Setaria planifolia Stapf (1930)
Setaria rudimentosa (Steud.) T.Durand & Schinz (1894)
Setaria scalaris Peter (1930)
Setaria sphacelata subsp. aquamontana De Wit (1941)
Setaria sphacelata subsp. nodosa De Wit (1941)
Setaria sphacelata subsp. pyropea De Wit (1941)
Setaria sphacelata var. anceps (Stapf) Veldkamp (1994)
Setaria sphacelata var. aurea (Hochst. ex A.Braun) Clayton (1979)
Setaria sphacelata var. sericea (Stapf) Clayton (1979)
Setaria sphacelata var. splendida (Stapf) Clayton (1979)
Setaria sphacelata var. stolonifera De Wit (1941)
Setaria sphacelata var. torta (Stapf) Clayton (1979)
Setaria splendida Stapf (1930)
Setaria stenantha Stapf (1930)
Setaria stolzii Stapf (1930)
Setaria tenuispica Stapf & C.E.Hubb. (1930)
Setaria torta Stapf (1930)
Setaria trinervia Stapf (1930)

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Wind

Vegetative Reproduction

Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1929: 195 (1929)

Other References

Starr et al. 2002:23 (NEWNAT/EM, DESCR); Herbst et al. 2004:10 (K, O, H); Faccenda 2023c:141 (KEY)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Setaria sphacelata Honokaa Sugar Co Preserved_Specimen Kami, R. Hawaii BISH 1979-05-18
2 Setaria sphacelata Honokaa Sugar Co Preserved_Specimen Kami, R. Hawaii BISH 1979-05-18
3 Setaria sphacelata Hanalei National Wildlife Refuge Uncommon weedy grass on bank of dried pond, growing with Ageratum, Spermacoce, Ludwigia, Chloris radiata, Ipomoea triloba. Preserved_Specimen Grass up to 4 ft. tall. Imada, C. 200211 Kauai BISH 2002-07-12
4 Setaria sphacelata Mana Rd., about 2 km from start of road near Waimea Roadside on edge of pasture with many weedy grasses Preserved_Specimen Clump forming grass to about 1.5 m tall, clumps about 40 cm in diameter, apparently perennial, only two clumps seen Faccenda, K. 2333 Hawaii BISH 2022-03-05
5 Setaria sphacelata East Maui, Piiholo, old NifTAL Station With Acacia sp, Leucaena sp. Preserved_Specimen Tall grass. Starr, F. 311141 Maui BISH 2003-11-14
6 Setaria sphacelata Volcano, Ohia Estates, First St and Ruby Ave. WGS84 coordinates: Lat. 19.434246, Long. -155.223182 Weedy roadside, sunny, wet. Rare in subdivvision, only one other colony seen, Preserved_Specimen colony about 4 metrs wide, to 2 meters tall.. Faccenda, K. 3276 Hawaii BISH 2024-01-05
7 Setaria sphacelata Near Kamuela Airport Growing on dryland pasture of Parker Ranch Preserved_Specimen Rotar, P. Hawaii BISH 1965-03-06
8 Setaria sphacelata East Maui, Makawao District, Piiholo Naturalized in open area. Preserved_Specimen Duvall, F. Maui BISH 2007-12-03
9 Setaria sphacelata Koloa Distr., Hwy 50 E of Piko Road, mauka side of hwy. Ruderal vegetation with Paspalum, Emilia, Euphorbia and Crassocephalum. Preserved_Specimen Clumping grass; lower stems decumbent, then erect w/ erect inflorescence; culms glossy pale green with slight brownish tinge at nodes; blades dark green. Probably introduced as contaiminant in hydromulch. Flynn, T.W. 7471 Kauai BISH 2010-04-06
10 Setaria sphacelata East Maui, Kokomo, Kapakalua Road Choking and filling a pasture. Preserved_Specimen Grass about 1-2 m high. Starr, F. 9908041 Maui BISH 1999-08-04
11 Setaria sphacelata Puna, Hwy. 11, mile 21-22 roadside, wet open, disturbed Preserved_Specimen perennial erect culms Bio, K.F. Hawaii BISH 2001-05-24
12 Setaria sphacelata Near Kamuela Airport Growing on dryland pasture of Parker Ranch Preserved_Specimen Rotar, P. Hawaii BISH 1965-03-06
13 Setaria sphacelata East Maui, Makawao District, Piiholo Naturalized along edges of old experimental plantings. Preserved_Specimen To 1.5m tall; spikelets purple, bristles yellow. Oppenheimer, H.L. 60311 Maui BISH 2003-06-12
14 Setaria sphacelata University of Hawaii Manoa Campus construction site. Preserved_Specimen Tufted perennial grass, about 4 feet tall, with orange bristles. Herbst, D.R. 1368 Oahu BISH 1969-01-04
15 Setaria sphacelata H-3 Freeway, on windward side of tunnels, windward-bound, on mauka side of highway between Kaneohe and Kailua exits. See sketch Along 1-2 miles of highway, on road cut in fully exposed setting with many other herbaceous weeds, northeast aspect. Surrounding vegetation incl. Pandanus, Cecropia obtusifolia. Soil drainage moderate, moisture class wet-mesic, slope flat to moderate. Preserved_Specimen Ca. 200 healthy individuals counted, with immature fruit. Kawelo, K. Oahu BISH 2002-05-22
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